Joe "Tricky Sam" Nanton

born on 1/2/1904 in New York City, NY, United States

died on 20/7/1946 in San Francisco, CA, United States

Tricky Sam Nanton

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Tricky Sam Nanton

Joe "Tricky Sam" Nanton (February 1, 1904 July 20, 1946) was an American trombonist with the Duke Ellington Orchestra.

Early life

Nanton was born in New York City and began playing professionally in Washington, DC with bands led by Cliff Jackson and Elmer Snowden.

From 1923 to 1924, he worked with Frazier's Harmony Five. A year later, he performed with banjoist Elmer Snowden. At age 22, Joe Nanton found his niche in Duke Ellington's Orchestra when he reluctantly took the place of his friend Charlie Irvis in 1926, and remained with Ellington until his early death in 1946. Nanton, along with Lawrence Brown, anchored the trombone section.

The wah-wah

Nanton was one of the great pioneers of the plunger mute. In 1921, Nanton heard Johnny Dunn playing the trumpet with a plunger, which Nanton realized could be used to similar effect on the trombone.[1] Together with Ellington's trumpeter Bubber Miley, Nanton is largely responsible for creating the characteristic Wah-wah effect. Their highly expressive growl and plunger sounds were the main ingredient in the band's early jungle sound that evolved during the band's late 1920s engagement at Harlem's "Cotton Club". According to Barney Bigard, ...he [Joe Nanton] grabbed his plunger. He could use that thing, too. It talked to you. I was sitting there, looking up at him, and every time he'd say 'wa-wa,' I was saying 'wa-wa' with my mouth, following him all the way through.[1] Sensing Nanton's impressive manual dexterity the jovial alto saxophonist Otto "Toby" Hardwick, ever inclined to tag friends with fitting nicknames, dubbed Nanton "Tricky Sam": anything to save himself troublehe was tricky that way.[1]

From his early days with the Ellington band, Tricky Sam was featured regularly. But he and Miley worked especially well in combination, often playing in harmony or playing off each other (embellishing and developing the musical theme of the preceding soloist into one's own new musical idea). Nanton and Miley successfully incorporated plunger skills in their playing to evoke moods, people, or images.

The celebrated brass growl effect was vividly described by Duke Ellington's son, Mercer Ellington:

Nanton and Miley gave the Ellington Orchestra the reputation of being one of the dirtiest jazz groups. Many listeners were excited by the raunchy, earthy sounds of their growls and mutes. Among the best examples of their style are East St. Louis Toodle-oo, The Blues I Love to Sing, Black and Tan Fantasy, Goin' to Town, and Doin' the Voom-Voom. After Miley's premature departure in 1929, Nanton taught Cootie Williams, Miley's successor, some of the growl and plunger techniques that Miley had used. Williams became a plunger virtuoso in his own right and helped the band retain its distinctive sound. The sounds they created were copied by many brass soloists in the swing era.

While other brass players became adept at growl and plunger techniques, Nanton's sound was all his own. He developed, in addition to other tricks in his bag, an astonishing "ya-ya" sound with the plunger mute. Like a chef zealously guarding the recipe of a sensational dish, Nanton kept the details of his technique a secret, even from his band mates, until his premature death.

Some ingredients in Nanton's unique "ya-ya" sound, however, are apparent: inserting a nonpareil trumpet straight mute into the bell, using a large plumber's plunger outside the bell, and "speaking" into the instrument while playing. This sort of speaking involved changing the cavity of the mouth while silently reproducing different vowel sounds without actually vibrating the vocal cords. By shaping the soft palate to change from "ee" to "ah," Nanton was able to make his trombone sound like a voice singing "ya." His palette of near-vocal sounds was radical for its time and helped produce the unique voicings in Ellington compositions, such as "The Mooche" and "Mood Indigo".

Death

Nanton died from a stroke[2] in San Francisco, California, on July 20, 1946, while on tour with the Ellington Orchestra. His death was an enormous loss for the Ellington Orchestra. While later trombonists, including Tyree Glenn, Nanton's replacement, tried to duplicate Tricky Sam's plunger techniques, no one has been able to reproduce his legendary style. Nanton had a wide variety of expression, and his intricate techniques were not well documented.

References

External links

  • Vintage Mutes: VintageMutes.com - Virtual museum of historical Wind Mutes
This page was last modified 27.01.2014 03:23:06

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